Definition of Water Auditing Water auditing is a way of looking at how all the water at a given site is being used - the quantity and the quality of the water coming in and out and how it can be used more efficiently. It will also identify other alternative sources and uses for water.
The Importance of Water Auditing It is important to do water audit for all the places that utilize water because clean water is a very precious and finite resource. We cannot create new water, so all the water on earth is constantly being recycled. If we continue to use water the way we do today, there may be no clean water in the future for our consumption and activities. Imagine if there was no clean water to drink, bath or wash our faces? A water audit will tell us where we can save water and also how we can re-use different types of water, rather than using clean, treated water for all our activities. This will then lead to sustainable usage of water.
Chemical monitoring and testing is one of the most accurate and reliable testing methods. Chemical testing is used to analyze drinking water. It is extremely useful for determining sources of pollution, as well as determining specific pollutants. For example, high concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus may indicate fertilizer runoff from a nearby farm.
Physical monitoring involves recording all of the physical parameters of the stream. This means recording the characteristics of the stream itself and the area surrounding it. Common physical attributes to measure are: surrounding cover, type of stream bottom, stream width, depth, velocity, and discharge. the cover surrounding a stream can greatly influence its characteristics. It is important to note if any of the stream is covered by trees or particularly in the sunlight. This can affect the temperature of the water and the organisms found in it. The type of stream bottom can also determine what kinds of macro invertebrates that are likely to be present.
Definition Biological Monitoring Biological monitoring is the study of organisms found in our waterways. The type and abundance of these organisms can be used as indicators of water quality because all organisms require specific conditions to live.
The Important Of Biological Monitoring It is a relatively inexpensive and reliable method of acquiring an indication of the water quality and uses simple and inexpensive tools. By identifying 'sensitive' aquatic insects, we can use them as 'bio-indicators' of different levels of water quality. These organisms can provide a relative view of the overall quality of a stream at any given moment.
Biological Monitoring Method Make sure you have a container filled with water to place your organisms in before you begin. If you find anything, gently pick it up using forceps or your fingers, or use some water to wash it into the container. Once you have finished, please remember to return the animals back into the water carefully!
If you wanna try making mudballs,here are the steps for making EM Mudballs ?
EM™ Mudballs are made of dried mud into which EM™ Bokashi and Activated EM•1® have been kneaded. They are used to clean up bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, and oceans where there are concentrated deposits of sludge and slime.
How to make EM™ Mudballs
Basic Materials:
Dirt. It is usually best to use clay-like dirt that can easily be formed into balls.
Activated EM•1® (AEM).
Molasses (At 10% the volume of the Activated EM•1®. For example, use 7 Tbs of molasses for 1 liter/quart of Activated EM•1®.)
EM™ Bokashi.
EM·X® Ceramics Powder. (In Japan, EM Super Cera® Ferment C or Terra C is used.)
How to use EM™ Mudballs
Use EM™ Mudballs in river bottoms and mud flats where slime has accumulated. Use one EM™Mudball for each square meter of surface area.
Use EM™ Mudballs once each season until results are seen.
Cleaning up oceans, rivers, lakes and ponds requires the application of EM™ into the water through a variety of methods. It is recommended that Activated EM•1® also be regularly applied into the water to supplement the use of EM™ Mudballs.
Ratio of materials
When using dirt only: 10 parts dirt + Activated EM•1® (AEM) + EM·X® Ceramics Powder (optional).
When using dirt and EM™ Bokashi: 8 parts dirt to 2-4 parts EM™ Bokashi + Activated EM•1® (AEM) + EM·X® Ceramics Powder (optional).
8 parts dirt to 1-3 parts EM™Bokashi + Special EM™ Bokashi for EM™ Mudballs + Activated EM•1® (AEM) + EM·X® Ceramics Powder (optional).
When using dirt and mud from mud flats: 5 parts dirt to 5 parts mud flat mud + Activated EM•1® (AEM) + EM·X® Ceramics Powder (optional).
When using dirt and mud from mud flats and EM™ Bokashi: 9 parts dirt to 9 parts mud from mud flats + 1 part EM™ Bokashi + Activated EM•1® (AEM) + EM·X® Ceramics Powder (optional).
Note:
Since the water content of the dirt and mud used will vary, the amount of Activated EM•1® (AEM) will vary as well. As a general rule, though, if for instance you produce 3.5 – 4 gallons of material you will need approximately 1 liter/quart of Activated EM•1® (AEM). Always be sure to have enough Activated EM•1® (AEM) on hand in case it is needed. If you use it up, you can add extra water instead (don’t be afraid to use a lot of Activated EM•1®).
The amount of optional EM·X® Ceramics Powder will be between 0.5-1.0% of the total amount. For example, for 2.5 gallons of material this will equal 3.5 – 7 Tbs of EM·X® Ceramics Powder.
RIVER Ranger Trainers Training Programme , Sungai Pinang RIVER Care has been successfully carried out . 4 schools and 2 community participated in this programme . Among them is SMK Abdullah Munshi , Methodist Boys School , Methodist Girls School and SMK Al-Mashoor(L) . 2 community of RukunTetangga is RukunTetangga Kampong Dodol and RukunTetangga Jalan York .
Various activity conducted in this programme throughout the day is done . The programme began with a description of the Sungai Pinang RIVER CARE Programme . After that , participants described the water audit by Water Watch Penang (WWP) and finally a description of the creating blog or website . Each school participating in this programme are required to build this one blog , which became a medium of news about the activities that will be and have been carried out .
Before participants break for lunch , participants were shown how to make EM Mudball . Participants are given the opportunity to make the self mudball . Mudball is a ball made from liquid Effective Microorganisms(EM) , rice husk and clay . Mudball used to reduce pollutants in the river and improve water quality .
In the afternoon , participants went to the site of River Falls , Botanical Gardens and Youth Park . Participants are required to study the river hydrology , physical observation , water quality and biomonitoring studies . After completion of study at the Botanical Gardens , participants went to Youth Park to study the same thing there . This study will look at the difference s in the chemical , biological and physical in River Falls , Botanical Gardens and Youth Park . At exactly 5 pm , each group presented their finding s in front other participants . The results we have obtained the topics in the next entry . We gained many experience from this programme .
